This work aimed to determine and compare the apparent activation energy, involved in thermal decomposition of CTMA+ from the pores of Ti-MCM-41 synthesized by two different source of silica in order to evaluate their influence in the template removal. The molecular sieves Ti-MCM-41 were synthesized using rice husk ash (RHA), as alternative low cost source of silica, and commercial silica gel, obtaining two mesoporous material by hydrothermal synthesis of gel molar composition of: 1.0 CTMABr: 4.0 SiO2: X TiO2: 1.0 Na2O: 200.0 H2O. The samples were characterized to compare its properties by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, BET method and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The kinetic study using the model proposed by Flynn and Wall to determine the apparent activation energy for CTMA+ removal was performed using TGA data. The thermogravimetric analysis results of the material obtained from RHA confirmed intrinsic properties of mesoporous MCM-41 as the synthesized with commercial silica gel, such as high specific area, mesoporous range of pore diameter and hexagonal structure. According to the kinetics results the RHA showed similar chemical interaction to commercial silica gel, which makes it an interesting material, since it is a low cost source of natural silica from agricultural waste.

Biodiesel is a fuel renewable, biodegradable and environmentally correct fuel, which can be obtained from the esterification reactions, transesterification and pyrolisis. Montmorillonite is a clay mineral of the smectite group and are of great interest for industrial processes such as catalysis and adsorption. Acid activation of clay minerals is one of the most effective methods proposed to produce active materials. In this work, montmorillonite clay was treated with H2SO4 in different concentrations (0.2 – 0.8 mol L–1), characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and applied in the catalytic esterification of oleic acid. The results reveal that the clay treated with aqueous solutions 0.8 mol L–1 H2SO4 shows promising catalytic activity toward the studied reaction, with maximum conversion of oleic acid of 65% at 30 °C.

O significado do conceito de esporte sofreu nos últimos anos modificações em todo o mundo, que passam a apontar a importância desse setor não só como atividade de lazer ou simples competição, mas também como uma atividade econômica, importante para a inclusão social e para a redução de problemas ligados à saúde e à educação. Esse novo entendimento requer a participação permanente do Estado. À luz dessa questão, este artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para a formulação de uma política nacional de esporte para o Brasil, a partir de uma pesquisa documental de trabalhos acadêmicos e leis referentes a esse tema. Constatou-se a fragilidade dessa política, que não está historicamente ligada a uma estrutura consolidada no âmbito do Estado. Por outro lado, observou-se uma maior articulação dos atores no cenário político, propiciando avanços no processo de formulação dessa política.

The meaning of the concept of Sports has suffered modifications in the whole world in recent years, pointing out not only the importance of this sector as an activity of leisure or competition, but also as an economic activity, important in the process of social inclusion and in the reduction of problems related to health and education. This new meaning of the concept requires permanent participation of the State. This article has the objective to contribute to the formulation of a National Sports Policy in Brazil, based on a documentary research of academic works and laws on the subject. The fragility of the Brazilian Sports Policy became clear and also how it failed to become embedded in the state administrative structure. However it was observed that hopefully some political actors show increasing articulation propitiating advances in the process of a Sports Policy formulation.